Traffic Congestion Reduction Strategy Through Total Waiting Time Optimization with Compatible Graph Application (Case Study Air Putih Intersection, Samarinda City)

Abstract

The imbalance between vehicle growth and road capacity increases traffic density at intersections, leading to congestion. This issue can be addressed through various strategies, including infrastructure development, traffic flow management, and traffic signal control. This study aims to optimize traffic signal timing by minimizing the total vehicle waiting time as a strategy to alleviate congestion. The congestion reduction strategy is implemented by grouping compatible traffic flows into the same signal phase and calculating their optimal durations. The research was conducted at the Air Putih Intersection in Samarinda City on Monday, May 5, 2025, during peak traffic hours. Graph theory particularly the concept of compatible graphs is applied by identifying traffic flows that can proceed simultaneously without conflict. These compatible flows are then modeled into a compatible graph structure to determine the optimal vehicle waiting time durations. These groupings were modeled using compatible graphs to determine the optimal vehicle waiting durations. The results show that total vehicle waiting time can be reduced from 522 seconds to 120 seconds during the morning peak, from 507 seconds to 120 seconds at midday, and from 552 seconds to 120 seconds in the evening. This approach has proven effective in designing a more efficient and adaptive traffic signal control system that responds to actual traffic conditions.