Physicochemical Divergence of River and a Former Quarry Waters in Jember: A Focus on Turbidity, pH, TDS, and ORP
Abstract
This study evaluated physicochemical water-quality characteristics at five sites in Jember Regency—Bedadung River (Biting), Bendelan River (Arjasa), Manggis River (Sukorambi), Slateng River (Ledokombo), and a former quarry at Gumuksari (Kalisat)—using a quantitative descriptive approach. Single surface-water grab samples were collected during the dry season (June) and analyzed for turbidity (NTU), pH, total dissolved solids (TDS, ppm), and oxidation–reduction potential (ORP, mV). Results show turbidity values ranging from 0.9 to 15.9 NTU (all below the Class I regulatory limit of 25 NTU), pH values from 7.09 to 7.98 (within the regulatory range 6–9), and TDS from 149 to 333 ppm (all below the Class I limit of 500 ppm). ORP measurements were negative at all sites (−71 to −14 mV; mean −35.2 mV), indicating net reducing conditions at the time of sampling. Statistical analysis revealed a strong negative correlation between turbidity and ORP (Pearson r = −0.91) and a robust linear relationship in which turbidity was the best single predictor of ORP (ORP = −3.92 × Turbidity + 1.23; R² = 0.82). Correlations between ORP and pH or TDS were weaker. Despite regulatory compliance for pH, TDS, and turbidity at the sampling moment, the consistently negative ORP values and observed spatial variability—particularly elevated turbidity and reducing conditions in Bedadung and Bendelan sites—suggest localized oxygen depletion and potential for redox-driven mobilization of metals or other reduced species.
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